Testing of dogs: Locus EG

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Locus e^G

Allele e^G (mutation in MC1R gene c.233G>T) is responsible for grizzle colour in Saluki, Barzoi, Polish Greyhound and domino colour in Afghan Hounds. Expression of e^G in other breeds is not excluded.

The E^M and E alleles are dominant over the variant e^G allele. The expression of the eG allele is influenced by locus A and locus K. Grizzle and Domino colouration is expressed in different colour variants depending on which combination of genotypes the individual carries. If the genotype contains the e^G allele in combination with the E^M or E allele, which are dominant to it, the resulting phenotype will not show grizzle colouration. The grizzle effect will only occur when the e^G allele is combined with another e^G allele or the e¹ allele. The resulting grizzle colour is then determined by the genotype of loci A and K. Phenotypically, grizzle may appear as: classic grizzle, cream grizzle, shaded grizzle, agouti grizzle, brindle grizzle and faded black grizzle. The genotypes that lead to the above forms of grizzle are listed in the following table for clarity.

Genotype of locus E	Genotype of locus K	Genotype of locusu K	Grizzle fenotype
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	k^y/k^y	a^t/a^t	classic grizzle
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	k^y/k^y	a^y/a^t	cream grizzle
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	K^b/k^y	a^t/a^t	shaded grizzle
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	K^b/k^y	a^w/a^t	agouti grizzle
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	k^br/k^br nebo k^br/k^y	a^y/a^t	brindle grizzle
e^G/e^Gnebo e^G/e¹	K^b/k^y	a^y/a^t	faded black grizzle

Locus E hierarchy is as follows: EM> E > e^G> e. To determine the final locus E genotype, it is necessary to test all locus E alleles. This test only detects the presence or absence of e^G allele.

Below you can see pictures of Saluki and Polish Greyhound dogs from the article by Hokanen et al. 2024. For each dog, the genotypes behind the phenotypic expression of the grizzle are shown. (locus A has a different nomenclature in the article (at = BB; ay = SY; aw = AG)

grizzle saluki

Possible genotypes – Afghan hound

Example of Afghan hound in domino color:

Afghansky-chrt-domino

Genotype		Colour	Carrier of colour
E^G/E^G	a^t/a^t	domino	black and tan, with mask
E^G/E	a^t/a^t	domino	black and tan, with mask
E^G/e	a^t/a^t	domino	red, black and tan, with mask
E^M/E^G	a^t/a^t	black and tan, with mask	domino, black and tan, with mask
E^M/E^G	a^y/a^y	red or cream	domino
E^G/E^G	a^y/a^y	red or cream	domino
E^G/E	a^y/a^y	red or cream	domino
E^G/e	a^y/a^y	red or cream	domino, red
E^M/E^G	a^y/a^t	red or cream	domino, black and tan, with mask
E^G/E^G	a^y/a^t	red or cream	domino, black and tan, with mask
E^G/E	a^y/a^t	red or cream	domino, black and tan, with mask
E^G/e	a^y/a^t	red or cream	red, domino, black and tan, with mask

Citace:

Dreger, D. L., & Schmutz, S. M. (2010). A new mutation in MC1R explains a coat color phenotype in 2 “old” breeds: Saluki and Afghan hound. Journal of Heredity, 101(5), 644-649.

Honkanen, L., Loechel, R., Davison, S., Donner, J., & Anderson, H. (2024). Canine coat color E locus updates: Identification of a new MC1R variant causing ‘sable’coat color in English Cocker Spaniels and a proposed update to the E locus dominance hierarchy. Animal Genetics, 55(2), 291-295.

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