Necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) in Pugs

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis is one of several non-infectious inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. It manifests itself through neurological deficits such as epileptic seizures, behavior changes, lethargy, ataxia, visual disturbances, or tremors. The disease is progressive and can be fatal.

This disease is multifactorial. This means that various genes and immune and environmental factors contribute to its development.

A significant risk factor for the development of NME in pugs is the genetic mutation CFA12:2605517delC. The mutation is not directly causal, but it often occurs in a homozygous state in individuals suffering from this disease. While this mutation significantly increases the risk of developing NME in homozygous individuals, the risk is only slightly increased in heterozygotes, and the disease often never develops.

Genetic testing can clearly reveal an animal's genotype and is a useful tool for breeders to prevent the unintentional breeding of affected puppies.